Kindergarten » Introduction

In Kindergarten, instructional time should focus on two critical areas: (1) representing and comparing whole numbers, initially with sets of objects; (2) describing shapes and space. More learning time in Kindergarten should be devoted to number than to other topics.

1. Students use numbers, including written numerals, to represent quantities and to solve quantitative problems, such as counting objects in a set; counting out a given number of objects; comparing sets or numerals; and modeling simple joining and separating situations with sets of objects, or eventually with equations such as 5 + 2 = 7 and 7 - 2 = 5. (Kindergarten students should see addition and subtraction equations, and student writing of equations in kindergarten is encouraged, but it is not required.) Students choose, combine, and apply effective strategies for answering quantitative questions, including quickly recognizing the cardinalities of small sets of objects, counting and producing sets of given sizes, counting the number of objects in combined sets, or counting the number of objects that remain in a set after some are taken away.
2. Students describe their physical world using geometric ideas (e.g., shape, orientation, spatial relations) and vocabulary. They identify, name, and describe basic two-dimensional shapes, such as squares, triangles, circles, rectangles, and hexagons, presented in a variety of ways (e.g., with different sizes and orientations), as well as three-dimensional shapes such as cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres. They use basic shapes and spatial reasoning to model objects in their environment and to construct more complex shapes.

Grade K Overview

Counting and Cardinality

• Know number names and the count sequence.
• Count to tell the number of objects.
• Compare numbers.

Operations and Algebraic Thinking

• Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.

Number and Operations in Base Ten

• Work with numbers 11-19 to gain foundations for place value.

Measurement and Data

• Describe and compare measurable attributes.
• Classify objects and count the number of objects in each category

Geometry

• Identify and describe shapes.
• Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.

Mathematical Practices

1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.

Kindergarten-Grade 12

• Standards for Mathematical Practice
• Introduction
  • How to read the grade level standards
  • Introduction
  • Counting & Cardinality
  • Operations & Algebraic Thinking
  • Number & Operations in Base Ten
  • Measurement & Data
  • Geometry
  • Introduction
  • Operations & Algebraic Thinking
  • Number & Operations in Base Ten
  • Measurement & Data
  • Geometry
  • Introduction
  • Operations & Algebraic Thinking
  • Number & Operations in Base Ten
  • Measurement & Data
  • Geometry
  • Introduction
  • Operations & Algebraic Thinking
  • Number & Operations in Base Ten
  • Number & Operations—Fractions¹
  • Measurement & Data
  • Geometry
  • Introduction
  • Operations & Algebraic Thinking
  • Number & Operations in Base Ten¹
  • Number & Operations—Fractions¹
  • Measurement & Data
  • Geometry
  • Introduction
  • Operations & Algebraic Thinking
  • Number & Operations in Base Ten
  • Number & Operations—Fractions
  • Measurement & Data
  • Geometry
  • Introduction
  • Ratios & Proportional Relationships
  • The Number System
  • Expressions & Equations
  • Geometry
  • Statistics & Probability
  • Introduction
  • Ratios & Proportional Relationships
  • The Number System
  • Expressions & Equations
  • Geometry
  • Statistics & Probability
  • Introduction
  • The Number System
  • Expressions & Equations
  • Functions
  • Geometry
  • Statistics & Probability
  • Introduction
  • The Real Number System
  • Quantities*
  • The Complex Number System
  • Vector & Matrix Quantities
  • Introduction
  • Seeing Structure in Expressions
  • Arithmetic with Polynomials & Rational Expressions
  • Creating Equations*
  • Reasoning with Equations & Inequalities
  • Introduction
  • Interpreting Functions
  • Building Functions
  • Linear, Quadratic, & Exponential Models*
  • Trigonometric Functions
  • Introduction
  • Congruence
  • Similarity, Right Triangles, & Trigonometry
  • Circles
  • Expressing Geometric Properties with Equations
  • Geometric Measurement & Dimension
  • Modeling with Geometry
  • Introduction
  • Interpreting Categorical & Quantitative Data
  • Making Inferences & Justifying Conclusions
  • Conditional Probability & the Rules of Probability
  • Using Probability to Make Decisions
  • Courses & Transitions
  • Mathematics Glossary
  • Table 1
  • Table 2
  • Table 3
  • Table 4
  • Table 5

  Standards by Domain

  • Counting & Cardinality
  • Operations & Algebraic Thinking
  • Number & Operations in Base Ten
  • Number & Operations—Fractions
  • Measurement & Data
  • Geometry
  • Ratios & Proportional Relationships
  • The Number System
  • Expressions & Equations
  • Functions
  • Statistics & Probability

  Mathematics Appendix